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Values in bold are exact on an idealized standard piano. Keys shaded gray are rare and only appear on extended pianos. The normal 88 keys were numbered 1–88, with the extra low keys numbered 89–97 and the extra high keys numbered 98–108. A 108-key piano that extends from C 0 to B 8 was first built in 2018 by Stuart & Sons. [4]
Comparison of notes derived from, or near, twelve perfect fifths (B ♯). In musical tuning, a temperament is a tuning system that slightly compromises the pure intervals of just intonation to meet other requirements. Most modern Western musical instruments are tuned in the equal temperament system.
Notes in it include a prime symbol below the note's letter. Names of subsequent lower octaves are preceded with "sub". Notes in each include an additional prime symbol below the note's letter. The octave starting at middle C is called the "small" octave. Notes in it are written as lower case letters, so middle C itself is written c in Helmholtz ...
The purpose of this adjustment is to move the 12 notes within a smaller range of frequency, namely within the interval between the base note D and the D above it (a note with twice its frequency). This interval is typically called the basic octave (on a piano keyboard, an octave has only 12 keys).
A man tuning an upright piano. Piano tuning is the process of adjusting the tension of the strings of an acoustic piano so that the musical intervals between strings are in tune. The meaning of the term 'in tune', in the context of piano tuning, is not simply a particular fixed set of pitches. Fine piano tuning requires an assessment of the ...
Lowest C on a standard 88-key piano: 36 65.40625 Lowest note for cello: 48 130.8125 Lowest note for viola, mandola: 60 261.625 Middle C: 72 523.25 C in middle of treble clef: 84 1,046.5 Approximately the highest note reproducible by the average female human voice: 96 2,093 Highest note for a flute: 108 4,186 Highest note on a standard 88-key ...
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Other instruments extended the keyboard by only a few notes. Some period harpsichords and organs have split D ♯ / E ♭ keys, such that both E major / C ♯ minor (4 sharps) and E ♭ major / C minor (3 flats) can be played with no wolf fifths. Many of those instruments also have split G ♯ / A ♭ keys, and a few have all the five ...