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In physics, the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory (named after John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer) is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity since Heike Kamerlingh Onnes's 1911 discovery. The theory describes superconductivity as a microscopic effect caused by a condensation of Cooper pairs.
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The Cooper pair state is responsible for superconductivity, as described in the BCS theory developed by John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Schrieffer for which they shared the 1972 Nobel Prize. [2] Although Cooper pairing is a quantum effect, the reason for the pairing can be seen from a simplified classical explanation.
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Performing a probabilistic risk assessment starts with a set of initiating events that change the state or configuration of the system. [3] An initiating event is an event that starts a reaction, such as the way a spark (initiating event) can start a fire that could lead to other events (intermediate events) such as a tree burning down, and then finally an outcome, for example, the burnt tree ...
Any linear-fractional program can be transformed into a linear program, assuming that the feasible region is non-empty and bounded, using the Charnes-Cooper transformation. [1] The main idea is to introduce a new non-negative variable t {\displaystyle t} to the program which will be used to rescale the constants involved in the program ( α ...
S. Barry Cooper (9 October 1943 – 26 October 2015) was an English mathematician and computability theorist. He was a professor of pure mathematics at the University of Leeds . Early life and education