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The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815, near Waterloo (at that time in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, now in Belgium), marking the end of the Napoleonic Wars. The French Imperial Army under the command of Napoleon I was defeated by two armies of the Seventh Coalition.
On 20 June 1815 an order of the day was issued to the British army before they entered France. It placed the officers and men in his army under military order to treat the ordinary French population as if they were members of a Coalition nation. [ 38 ]
The Year Without a Summer was an agricultural disaster; historian John D. Post called it "the last great subsistence crisis in the Western world". [4] [5] The climatic aberrations of 1816 had their greatest effect on New England (US), Atlantic Canada, and Western Europe.
1815 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1815th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 815th year of the 2nd millennium, the 15th year of the 19th century, and the 6th year of the 1810s decade. As of the start of 1815, the ...
16 June – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Quatre Bras – Marshal Ney wins a strategic victory over an Anglo-Dutch force. 18 June – Napoleonic Wars: the Duke of Wellington wins a decisive victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. [4] Scene in Plymouth Sound in August 1815, by John James Chalon.
22 April - Charter of 1815 signed bringing in a new French constitution. 1 May - Explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville marries Adèle Dumont D'Urville (née Pepin) in Toulon. [6] 16 June - Battle of Quatre Bras, inconclusive result. 16 June - Battle of Ligny, French defeat Prussian forces. 18 June - Battle of Waterloo, decisive defeat of French forces.
The Duchess of Richmond's ball was a ball hosted by Charlotte Lennox, Duchess of Richmond, in Brussels on 15 June 1815, the night before the Battle of Quatre Bras. Charlotte's husband Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond , was in command of a reserve force in Brussels, which was protecting that city in case Napoleon Bonaparte invaded.
On 1 June 1815 a major ceremony was held on the Champ de Mars in which the Emperor's authority was formally recognized. [7] On 12 June 1815 Napoleon left Paris for the north, where the allied forces of Britain and Prussia were assembling. He was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815. [8]