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Ritchie thought they could be improved upon, and by 1860 had received a U.S. patent for the first successful and practicable liquid-filled marine compass suitable for general use, [10] [11] a development that has been described as the first major advance in compass technology in several hundred years. [12]
Elmer Ambrose Sperry Sr. (October 12, 1860 – June 16, 1930) was an American inventor and entrepreneur, most famous for construction, two years after Hermann Anschütz-Kaempfe, of the gyrocompass and as founder of the Sperry Gyroscope Company. [3] He was known as the "father of modern navigation technology". [4]
Titterington designed the Earth inductor compass in 1924. In 1928 he took off in a Travel Air, headed across the Pennsylvania mountains and crashed to his death during bad weather after being struck by lightning. [2] [3]
David Pearsall Bushnell (1913–2005) was an American entrepreneur who founded the Bushnell optics company in 1948. Bushnell made precision binoculars affordable to middle-class Americans for the first time through a strategy of importing from manufacturers who provided optics to his patented specifications.
WW1 era Galilean type binoculars. Almost from the invention of the telescope in the 17th century the advantages of mounting two of them side by side for binocular vision seems to have been explored. [1] Most early binoculars used Galilean optics; that is, they used a convex objective and a concave eyepiece lens.
Ignazio Porro (25 November 1801 – 8 October 1875) was an Italian inventor of optical instruments. Porro's name is most closely associated with the prism system which he invented around 1850 and which is used in the construction of Porro prism binoculars. He also developed a strip camera in 1853 for mapping, which was one of the earliest such. [1]
The magnetic compass was first invented as a device for divination as early as the Chinese Han dynasty and Tang dynasty (since about 206 BC). [1] [3] [34] The compass was used in Song dynasty China by the military for navigational orienteering by 1040–44, [22] [35] [36] and was used for maritime navigation by 1111 to 1117. [37]
In the middle of the XVth century historian Flavio Biondo wrote that compass had been invented in Amalfi. In 1511, Giovan Battista Pio wrote: "In Amalfi, Campania, the use of the magnet was invented, according to Flavio". But later due to a misplaced comma this was narrated as "the use of the magnet was invented by Flavio, it is said". [4]