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The hallmark that distinguishes major keys from minor is whether the third scale degree is major or minor. Major and minor keys are based on the corresponding scales, and the tonic triad of those keys consist of the corresponding chords; however, a major key can encompass minor chords based on other roots, and vice versa.
A minor triad has a minor third (m3) on the bottom, a major third (M3) on top, and a perfect fifth (P5) between the outer notes. In harmonic analysis and on lead sheets, a C minor chord can be notated as Cm, C−, Cmin, or simply the lowercase "c". A minor triad is represented by the integer notation {0, 3, 7}.
These chords are all borrowed from the key of E minor. Similarly, in minor keys, chords from the parallel major may also be "borrowed". For example, in E minor, the diatonic chord built on the fourth scale degree is IVm, or A minor. However, in practice, many songs in E minor will use IV (A major), which is borrowed from the key of E major.
A typical sequence of a jazz or rock song in the key of C major might indicate a chord progression such as C – Am – Dm – G 7. This chord progression instructs the performer to play, in sequence, a C major triad, an A minor chord, a D minor chord, and a G dominant seventh chord.
An A-minor scale has the same pitches as the C major scale, because the C major and A minor keys are relative major and minor keys. A minor chord has the root and the fifth of the corresponding major chord, but its first interval is a minor third rather than a major third:
The scale degree chords of A minor are: Tonic – A minor; Supertonic – B diminished; Mediant – C major; Subdominant – D minor; Dominant – E minor; Submediant – F major; Subtonic – G major
These chords stand in the same relationship to one another (in the relative minor key) as do the three major chords, so that they may be viewed as the first (i), fourth (iv) and fifth (v) degrees of the relative minor key. For example, the relative minor of C major is A minor, and in the key of A minor, the i, iv and v chords are A minor, D ...
Since D minor is the key of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, Anton Bruckner felt apprehensive about writing his own Symphony No. 9 in the same key. [2] As well as Bruckner's First Mass and Third Symphony , multiple other post-Beethoven symphonies are in D minor, including Robert Schumann 's Symphony No. 4 , the only Symphony written by César Franck ...