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The plus–minus method, also known as CRM (conventional reciprocal method), is a geophysical method to analyze seismic refraction data developed by J. G. Hagedoorn. It can be used to calculate the depth and velocity variations of an undulating layer boundary for slope angles less than ~10°.
The basic approach of nearly all of the methods to calculate the day of the week begins by starting from an "anchor date": a known pair (such as 1 January 1800 as a Wednesday), determining the number of days between the known day and the day that you are trying to determine, and using arithmetic modulo 7 to find a new numerical day of the week.
The roots of the quadratic function y = 1 / 2 x 2 − 3x + 5 / 2 are the places where the graph intersects the x-axis, the values x = 1 and x = 5. They can be found via the quadratic formula. In elementary algebra, the quadratic formula is a closed-form expression describing the solutions of a quadratic equation.
The density function has infinite negative slope at x = 0 if 0 < k < 1, infinite positive slope at x = 0 if 1 < k < 2 and null slope at x = 0 if k > 2. For k = 1 the density has a finite negative slope at x = 0. For k = 2 the density has a finite positive slope at x = 0. As k goes to infinity, the Weibull distribution converges to a Dirac delta ...
And adding 1 to get the two's complement can be done by simulating a carry into the least significant bit. For example: 01100100 (x, equals decimal 100) - 00010110 (y, equals decimal 22) becomes the sum: 01100100 (x) + 11101001 (ones' complement of y) + 1 (to get the two's complement) —————————— 101001110
Abel's summation formula can be generalized to the case where is only assumed to be continuous if the integral is interpreted as a Riemann–Stieltjes integral: ∑ x < n ≤ y a n ϕ ( n ) = A ( y ) ϕ ( y ) − A ( x ) ϕ ( x ) − ∫ x y A ( u ) d ϕ ( u ) . {\displaystyle \sum _{x<n\leq y}a_{n}\phi (n)=A(y)\phi (y)-A(x)\phi (x)-\int _{x ...
In fact, x ≡ b m n −1 m + a n m −1 n (mod mn) where m n −1 is the inverse of m modulo n and n m −1 is the inverse of n modulo m. Lagrange's theorem: If p is prime and f (x) = a 0 x d + ... + a d is a polynomial with integer coefficients such that p is not a divisor of a 0, then the congruence f (x) ≡ 0 (mod p) has at most d non ...
A chemical formula used for a series of compounds that differ from each other by a constant unit is called a general formula. It generates a homologous series of chemical formulae. For example, alcohols may be represented by the formula C n H 2n + 1 OH (n ≥ 1), giving the homologs methanol, ethanol, propanol for 1 ≤ n ≤ 3.