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Urolithin A is a metabolite compound resulting from the transformation of ellagitannins by the gut bacteria. [1] It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzo- coumarins or dibenzo-α- pyrones .
Hypervitaminosis A refers to the toxic effects of ingesting too much preformed vitamin A (retinyl esters, retinol, and retinal). Symptoms arise as a result of altered bone metabolism and altered metabolism of other fat-soluble vitamins. Hypervitaminosis A is believed to have occurred in early humans, and the problem has persisted throughout ...
Symptom progression for 2-6 weeks following cessation of vitamin B 6, followed by gradual improvement. [ 14 ] [ 4 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] Megavitamin-B 6 syndrome , also known as hypervitaminosis B 6 , vitamin B 6 toxicity , and vitamin B 6 excess , [ a ] is a medical condition characterized by adverse effects resulting from excessive intake of vitamin ...
Chemical structure of urolithin A.. Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. [1] They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. [2]
Castalagin is a representative ellagitannin, characterized by coupled gallic acid substituents. The ellagitannins are a diverse class of hydrolyzable tannins, a type of polyphenol formed primarily from the oxidative linkage of galloyl groups in 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose.
Toxic to cardio and central nervous systems, gastrointestinal bleeding [3] Ephedra: ma huang: Ephedra sinica: Agitation and palpitations, [3] "hypertension, irregular heart rate, insomnia, nervousness, tremors and seizures, paranoid psychosis, heart attacks, strokes, and death", [1] [15] kidney stones [15] Flavonoids (contained in many ...
Thallium can enter the body through inhalation, absorption through the skin, or through ingestion. Acute symptoms of thallium exposure include, but are not limited to, stomach pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. More serious neurological symptoms don't appear until days after the metal has been ingested.
Protein toxicity is the effect of the buildup of protein metabolic waste compounds, like urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine.Protein toxicity has many causes, including urea cycle disorders, genetic mutations, excessive protein intake, and insufficient kidney function, such as chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury.