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The Greenwood function correlates the position of the hair cells in the inner ear to the frequencies that stimulate their corresponding auditory neurons.Empirically derived in 1961 by Donald D. Greenwood, the relationship has shown to be constant throughout mammalian species when scaled to the appropriate cochlear spiral lengths and audible frequency ranges.
[6] [7] They originally believed that the potential originated from the cochlear nerve, but it was later discovered that the response is non-neural and is cochlear in origin, specifically from the outer hair cells. [8] [9] This phenomenon came to be known as the cochlear microphonic (CM). The FFR may have been accidentally discovered back in ...
[6] [7] The ERB can be converted into a scale that relates to frequency and shows the position of the auditory filter along the basilar membrane. For example, ERB = 3.36 Hz corresponds to a frequency at the apical end of the basilar membrane, whereas ERB = 38.9 Hz corresponds to the base, and a value of 19.5 Hz falls half-way between the two. [6]
The perilymph in the vestibular duct and the endolymph in the cochlear duct act mechanically as a single duct, being kept apart only by the very thin Reissner's membrane. The vibrations of the endolymph in the cochlear duct displace the basilar membrane in a pattern that peaks a distance from the oval window depending upon the soundwave frequency.
The summating potential (SP), first described by Tasaki et al. in 1954, represents the direct current (DC) response of the hair cells as they move in conjunction with the basilar membrane, [6] as well as the DC response from dendritic and axonal potentials of the auditory nerve. [7] The SP is the stimulus-related potential of the cochlea.
The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, [1] stapedial reflex, [2] auditory reflex, [3] middle-ear-muscle reflex (MEM reflex, MEMR), [4] attenuation reflex, [5] cochleostapedial reflex [6] or intra-aural reflex [6]) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to loud sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize.
Tonotopic organization in the cochlea forms throughout pre- and post-natal development through a series of changes that occur in response to auditory stimuli. [7] Research suggests that the pre-natal establishment of tonotopic organization is partially guided by synaptic reorganization; however, more recent studies have shown that the early changes and refinements occur at both the circuit and ...
Phase locking recorded from a neuron in the cochlear nucleus in response to a sinusoidal acoustic stimulus at the cell's best frequency (in this case 240 Hz). The stimulus was approximately 20 dB above the neuron's best frequency.
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