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Gerhard Besier, Katarzyna Stokłosa, European Dictatorships: A Comparative History of the Twentieth Century, Cambridge, 2014, ISBN 9781443855211 Carles Boix, Michael K. Miller, Sebastian Rosato (December 2013), "A Complete Dataset of Political Regimes, 1800–2007", Comparative Political Studies 46/12, pp. 1523–1554 (subscription required)
Later debates focused on Fascism rather than arguing whether Francoism was totalitarian; some historians wrote that it was a typical conservative military dictatorship, contemporary historians stress its Fascist component and describe it as para-Fascist or a regime of unfinished fascization which evolved to a merely authoritarian regime during ...
Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. [137] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship", [145] [146] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship.
Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition from political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and completely controls the public sphere and the private sphere of society.
Benito Mussolini, dictator of Fascist Italy (left), and Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany (right), were fascist leaders.. Fascism (/ ˈ f æ ʃ ɪ z əm / FASH-iz-əm) is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement, [1] [2] [3] characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a ...
Civilian dictatorship: A dictatorship where power resides in the hands of one single person or polity. That person may be, for example, an absolute monarch or a dictator, but can also be an elected president. The Roman Republic made dictators to lead during times of war; but the Roman dictators only held power for a small time.
You can call this anti-democratic principle dictatorship if you wish. In Italy it is called Fascism , in Germany National Socialism and in South Africa, Christian Nationalism.” [ 48 ] The Ossewabrandwag led insurrections against the Union government , resulting in some of the leadership, including Vorster, to be detained under emergency ...
1913 Ottoman coup d'état: Led by Talaat and Enver Pasha, the Committee of Union and Progress overthrew the Freedom and Accord Party coalition and introduced a military dictatorship, led by the Three Pashas. Mexico: During the Ten Tragic Days, General Victoriano Huerta overthrew and murdered the president of Mexico, Francisco Madero.