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With the presence of a gallbladder mucocele, the ultrasound will reveal a thickened wall and an enlarged 'kiwi-like' gallbladder filled with immobile, echogenic bile meaning it is not gravity dependent. Another clear indication in the images is striated or stellate patterns surrounding a small amount of stationary bile.
Generally, if it is a part of the digestive tract that is free to move, it is covered by serosa, and if it is relatively rigidly fixed, it is covered by adventitia. The connective tissue of the gallbladder is covered by adventitia where the gallbladder bounds the liver, but by serosa for the rest of its surface.
These two images are later used together to create a 3D image. In this way the image can be analysed giving better information about surface characteristics of the retina. [19] Fundus photography in animals: Fundus photography is a useful tool utilised for veterinary research, veterinary ophthalmology, as well as education. [20]
Cholecystitis causes the gallbladder to become distended and firm. Distension can lead to decreased blood flow to the gallbladder, causing tissue death and eventually gangrene. [13] Once tissue has died, the gallbladder is at greatly increased risk of rupture (perforation), which can cause sharp pain.
Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath.. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (simple squamous epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid.
Biliary injury (bile duct injury) is the traumatic damage of the bile ducts. It is most commonly an iatrogenic complication of cholecystectomy (surgical removal of the gallbladder), but can also be caused by other operations or by major trauma. The risk of biliary injury is higher during laparoscopic cholecystectomy than during open ...
The outermost layer of the gastrointestinal wall consists of several layers of connective tissue and is either of serosa (below the diaphragm) or adventitia above the diaphragm. [4] [1] [5] Regions of the gastrointestinal tract within the peritoneum (called Intraperitoneal) are covered with serosa. This structure consists of connective tissue ...
A retrospective study published in 1999 by Ware, et al., found a five times greater risk of cardiac hemangiosarcoma in spayed vs. intact female dogs and a 2.4 times greater risk of hemangiosarcoma in neutered dogs as compared to intact males. [citation needed] The validity of this study is in dispute. [6]