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[31] Inhibition of ovulation through an action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. For a low-dose formulation, this may occur inconsistently in ~50% of cycles. [32] Intermediate-dose formulations, such as the progestogen-only pill Cerazette (Desogestrel), much more consistently inhibit ovulation in 97–99% of cycles. [33]
EE/CPA is used as a combined birth control pill to prevent ovulation and pregnancy in women. [2] It is also approved and used to treat androgen-dependent conditions in women such as acne , seborrhea , hirsutism , female pattern hair loss , and hyperandrogenism due to polycystic ovary syndrome .
The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), often referred to as the birth control pill or colloquially as "the pill", is a type of birth control that is designed to be taken orally by women. It is the oral form of combined hormonal contraception .
It is an analogue of triazolam, the difference between them being the absence of a chlorine atom in the ortho position of the phenyl ring. [93] It is slightly soluble in chloroform, soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in acetone and insoluble in water. [94] It has a melting point of 228–229.5 °C (442.4–445.1 °F; 501.1–502.6 K). [94] [95]
In 1890, G. T. Fulford & Company purchased the rights to produce Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale People for $53.01 after encountering a pill prescribed by a local physician, William Jackson, [3] and began marketing it through Dr. Williams Medicine Company. Reverend Enoch Hill of M.E. Church of Grand Junction in Iowa, endorsed the product in ...
Modern COCs contain 10 to 35 μg EE, but typically 20, 30, or 35 μg. [ 47 ] [ 50 ] The initial formulations of COCs that were introduced in the 1960s contained 100 to 150 μg EE. [ 51 ] [ 41 ] [ 50 ] However, it was soon found that EE is associated with increased risk of VTE and that the risk is dose-dependent. [ 50 ]
In the UK, one survey demonstrated that in 2010–2012, more than 33% of women aged 16–44 years had used oral contraception in the previous year and that it was mostly the combined type. [1] Between 2006 and 2010 only 10% of women in the US had used the contraceptive patch, and 6% had used the vaginal ring.
All contain an estrogen, ethinylestradiol or mestranol, [1] [2] in varying amounts, and one of a number of different progestogens. (Regarding the estrogen, the inactive 3-methyl ether of ethinylestradiol, which must be metabolized by the liver into the active ethinylestradiol; 50 μg of mestranol is equivalent to only 35 μg of ethinylestradiol and should not be used when high-dose [50 μg ...