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Aramaic, being the lingua franca of the Middle East, was widely adopted. It later split off into a number of related alphabets, including Hebrew, Syriac, and Nabataean, the latter of which, in its cursive form, became an ancestor of the Arabic alphabet.
Bāʾ is the first letter of the Quran [ 1:1], the first letter of Basmala. [1] The letter bāʾ as a prefix may function as a preposition meaning "by" or "with". Some tafsirs interpreted the positioning of bāʾ as the opener of the Qur'an with "by My (God's) cause (all is present and happen)". [2]
The Arabic alphabet is always cursive and letters vary in shape depending on their position within a word. Letters can exhibit up to four distinct forms corresponding to an initial, medial (middle), final, or isolated position . While some letters show considerable variations, others remain almost identical across all four positions.
Sabaic was written in the South Arabian alphabet, and like Hebrew and Arabic marked only consonants, the only indication of vowels being with matres lectionis.For many years the only texts discovered were inscriptions in the formal Masnad script (Sabaic ms 3 nd), but in 1973 documents in another minuscule and cursive script were discovered, dating back to the second half of the 1st century BC ...
letter y is not used, except in loanwords (ü is the corresponding vowel) letters b and g (without preceding n) are found outside of loanwords; occasional use of š and ž, mainly in loanwords (plus combination tš) loanwords more common generally than in Finnish, mainly loaned from German
In Urdu and some neighbouring languages, the letter Hā has diverged into two forms ھ dō-čašmī hē and ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ gōl hē, [44] while a variant form of ي yā referred to as baṛī yē ے is used at the end of some words. [44]
Alif is the first letter of the Urdu alphabet, and it is used exclusively as a vowel. At the beginning of a word, alif can be used to represent any of the short vowels: اب ab, اسم ism, اردو Urdū. For long ā at the beginning of words alif-mad is used: آپ āp, but a plain alif in the middle and at the end: بھاگنا bhāgnā.
Other alphabets only use a subset of the Latin alphabet, such as Hawaiian and Italian, which uses the letters j, k, x, y, and w only in foreign words. [38] Another notable script is Elder Futhark, believed to have evolved out of one of the Old Italic alphabets. Elder Futhark gave rise to other alphabets known collectively as the Runic alphabets ...