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Allergic rhinitis may be seasonal, perennial, or episodic. [9] Seasonal allergic rhinitis occurs in particular during pollen seasons. It does not usually develop until after 6 years of age. Perennial allergic rhinitis occurs throughout the year. This type of allergic rhinitis is commonly seen in younger children. [43]
Rhinitis is very common. Allergic rhinitis is more common in some countries than others; in the United States, about 10–30% of adults are affected annually. [12] Mixed rhinitis (MR) refers to patients with nonallergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis. MR is a specific rhinitis subtype. It may represent between 50 and 70% of all AR patients.
It was not until 1933 when antihistamines, the first type of anti-allergic agents, were developed. [1] Common allergic diseases include allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis with varying symptoms, including runny nose, watery eyes, itchiness, coughing, and shortness of breath. More than one-third of the world's population is ...
In the developed world, about 20% of people are affected by allergic rhinitis, [15] food allergy affects 10% of adults and 8% of children, [16] and about 20% have or have had atopic dermatitis at some point in time. [17] Depending on the country, about 1–18% of people have asthma. [18] [19] Anaphylaxis occurs in between 0.05–2% of people. [20]
Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine used to treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever), dermatitis, and urticaria (hives). [11] It is taken by mouth. [12] Effects generally begin within thirty minutes and last for about a day. [12]
It is generally safe and effective for allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic forms of asthma, and stinging insects. [6] The evidence also supports the use of sublingual immunotherapy against rhinitis and asthma, but it is less strong. [5] In this form the allergen is given under the tongue and people often prefer it to injections ...
Ebastine is a second-generation H1 receptor antagonist that is indicated mainly for allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. [5] It is available in 10 and 20 mg tablets [6] and as fast-dissolving tablets, [7] as well as in pediatric syrup. It has a recommended flexible daily dose of 10 or 20 mg, depending on disease severity.
In cases of severe allergic reactions, chloropyramine can be injected intramuscularly or intravenously. Oral administration: In adults, 25 mg can be taken 3 to 4 times daily (up to 150 mg); in children over 5 years old, 25 mg can be taken 2 to 3 times daily. For external application, the skin or the eye conjunctiva can be treated up to several ...
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