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In mathematics, tetration (or hyper-4) is an operation based on iterated, or repeated, exponentiation. There is no standard notation for tetration, though Knuth's up arrow notation ↑ ↑ {\displaystyle \uparrow \uparrow } and the left-exponent x b {\displaystyle {}^{x}b} are common.
The percent value can also be found by multiplying first instead of later, so in this example, the 50 would be multiplied by 100 to give 5,000, and this result would be divided by 1,250 to give 4%. To calculate a percentage of a percentage, convert both percentages to fractions of 100, or to decimals, and multiply them. For example, 50% of 40% is:
Thus the fraction 3 / 4 can be used to represent the ratio 3:4 (the ratio of the part to the whole), and the division 3 ÷ 4 (three divided by four). We can also write negative fractions, which represent the opposite of a positive fraction. For example, if 1 / 2 represents a half-dollar profit, then − 1 / 2 represents ...
The computed probability of at least two people sharing the same birthday versus the number of people. In probability theory, the birthday problem asks for the probability that, in a set of n randomly chosen people, at least two will share the same birthday.
The equals sign (British English) or equal sign (American English), also known as the equality sign, is the mathematical symbol =, which is used to indicate equality. [1] In an equation , it is placed between two expressions that have the same value, or for which one studies the conditions under which they have the same value.
In mathematics, divided differences is an algorithm, historically used for computing tables of logarithms and trigonometric functions. [citation needed] Charles Babbage's difference engine, an early mechanical calculator, was designed to use this algorithm in its operation. [1] Divided differences is a recursive division process.
This means that the expected (average) value of the rounded numbers is equal to the expected value of the original numbers when numbers with fractional part 0.5 from the set are removed. In practice, floating-point numbers are typically used, which have even more computational nuances because they are not equally spaced.
Specific modulus is a materials property consisting of the elastic modulus per mass density of a material. It is also known as the stiffness to weight ratio or specific stiffness.