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Uses [1] [2] Continuous-flow anaesthetic machine: used to provide a measured and continuous supply of gases (oxygen, nitrous oxide, etc.), mixed with a required concentration of anesthetic vapor to the patient at a required pressure and rate; video link: Anesthetic vaporizers: vaporizes the anesthetic Oxygen mask
Minimum alveolar concentration or MAC is the concentration, often expressed as a percentage by volume, of a vapour in the alveoli of the lungs that is needed to prevent movement (motor response) in 50% of subjects in response to surgical (pain) stimulus.
Anesthetic machine, showing sevoflurane (yellow) and isoflurane (purple) vaporizers on the right. An anesthetic vaporizer (American English) or anaesthetic vapouriser (British English) is a device generally attached to an anesthetic machine which delivers a given concentration of a volatile anesthetic agent. It works by controlling the ...
[5] [6] However, the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for nitrogen is not achieved until pressures of about 20 to 30 atm (bar) are attained. [7] Argon is slightly more than twice as anaesthetic as nitrogen per unit of partial pressure (see argox). Xenon however is a usable anaesthetic at 80% concentration and normal atmospheric pressure. [8]
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It is often used together with other medications for anesthesia. [2] Common uses include during childbirth, following trauma, and as part of end-of-life care. [2] Onset of effect is typically within half a minute, and the effect lasts for about a minute. [1] Nitrous oxide was discovered between 1772 and 1793 and used for anesthesia in 1844. [3]
A set of solution add-ons that include collections of task-oriented templates and vector stencils libraries, [5] have been released for ConceptDraw DIAGRAM, relating to certain industry-specific graphical tasks. Starting with version 11, DIAGRAM supports using the LaTeX typesetting system in formulas and text. [6]