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In chapter 7, Daniel has a vision of four beasts coming up out of the sea, and is told that they represent four kingdoms: A beast like a lion with eagle's wings (v. 4). A beast like a bear, raised up on one side, with three Curves between its teeth (v. 5). A beast like a leopard with four wings of fowl and four heads (v. 6).
The Neo-Babylonian Empire under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II occupied the Kingdom of Judah between 597–586 BCE and destroyed the First Temple in Jerusalem. [3] According to the Hebrew Bible, the last king of Judah, Zedekiah, was forced to watch his sons put to death, then his own eyes were put out and he was exiled to Babylon (2 Kings 25).
In addition to the main Babylonian King Lists, there are also additional king-lists that record rulers of Babylon. [24] Babylonian King List A (BKLa, BM 33332) [25] — created at some point after the foundation of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, Babylonian King List A records the kings of Babylon from the beginning of Babylon's first dynasty under ...
The section comprising chapter 1 to 6 describes the history before the arrival of Ezra in the land of Judah [5] [6] in 468 BCE. [7] This chapter contains a list, known as the "Golah List", [8] of the people who returned from Babylon to Judah following Cyrus's edict "by genealogy, family and place of habitation". [5]
The Medes were an Iranian people who had become a major political power in the Near East by 612 BCE, when they joined the Babylonians in overthrowing Assyria. [6] Their kingdom came to an end in 550 BCE (or 553 BC according to some sources), when it was conquered by Cyrus the Great, the Persian king of Anshan in south-western Iran.
First view (and traditional one) is that Daniel was written immediately after the Babylonian exile ended and many Jews returned to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple. Daniel's prophetic visions revealed successive empires that would follow, one after the other as well as providing a backdrop of God's eternal, unshakeable kingdom continuing in ...
The chief gods, titular gods of the kings, were Shuqamuna and Shumaliya, which are distinct from Sumerian, Semitic and Indo-European gods. [6] As was typical in the region, there was some cross pollination with other religions. After Babylon came within the Kassite sphere of control its city-god, Marduk, was absorbed into the Kassite pantheon. [7]
Before the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the 24th century BC, Mesopotamia was fragmented into a number of city states. Whereas some surviving Mesopotamian documents, such as the Sumerian King List, describe this period as one where there was only one legitimate king at any one given time, and kingship was transferred from city to city sequentially, the historical reality was that there were ...