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There is also the closely analogous zero-field Stark level crossings with electric fields, in which the states which are degenerate at zero electric field are split due to the Stark effect. Tests of zero field Stark level crossings came after the Hanle-type measurements, and are generally less common, due to the increased complexity of the ...
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Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Pages in category "Level crossings" The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total.
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Rayleigh fading is a statistical model for the effect of a propagation environment on a radio signal, such as that used by wireless devices.. Rayleigh fading models assume that the magnitude of a signal that has passed through such a transmission medium (also called a communication channel) will vary randomly, or fade, according to a Rayleigh distribution — the radial component of the sum of ...
In probability theory and statistics, the Rayleigh distribution is a continuous probability distribution for nonnegative-valued random variables. Up to rescaling, it coincides with the chi distribution with two degrees of freedom .
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A level crossing is an intersection where a railway line crosses a road, path, or (in rare situations) airport runway, at the same level, [1] as opposed to the railway line or the road etc. crossing over or under using an overpass or tunnel.