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Hewitson, Mark. "Germany and France before the First World War: a reassessment of Wilhelmine foreign policy." English Historical Review 115.462 (2000): 570-606; argues Germany had a growing sense of military superiority. online; Hewitson, Mark. Germany and the Causes of the First World War (2004) pp 1–20 on historians. Horne, John, ed.
Skirmish at Joncherey, first military action on the Western Front. [13] August 2 – 26 Western: Germany besieges and captures fortified Longwy, "the Iron Gate to Paris", near the Luxembourg border, opening France to mass German invasion. August 3 Politics: Germany declares war on France. [14]
This is a list of wars involving Germany from 962. It includes the Holy Roman Empire, Confederation of the Rhine, the German Confederation, the North German Confederation, the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, the German Democratic Republic (DDR, "East Germany") and the present Federal Republic of Germany (BRD, until German reunification in 1990 known as "West Germany").
Germany depended on imports of food and raw materials, which were stopped by the British blockade of Germany. First food prices were limited, then rationing was introduced. The winter of 1916/17 was called the "turnip winter" because the potato harvest was poor and people ate animal food, including vile-tasting turnips.
Germany quickly remilitarized, annexed its German-speaking neighbors and invaded Poland, triggering World War II. During the war, the Nazis established a systematic genocide program known as the Holocaust which killed 11 million people, including 6 million Jews (representing 2/3rds of the European Jewish population). By 1944, the German Army ...
Germany and Austria-Hungary joined a mutual defense treaty, the Dual Alliance. 1880: July: Kulturkampf: The First Mitigation Law was passed, resuming government payments to Prussian dioceses. 16 December: First Boer War: Boer rebels laid siege to a British fort at Potchefstroom. 1882: 20 May: Italy joined the Triple Alliance with Germany and ...
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
The coat of arms of the Weimar Republic shown above is the version used after 1928, which replaced that shown in the "Flag and coat of arms" section. The flag of Nazi Germany shown above is the version introduced after the fall of the Weimar Republic in 1933 and used till 1935, when it was replaced by the swastika flag , similar, but not exactly the same as the flag of the Nazi Party that had ...