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Tidal volume increases by 30–40%, from 0.5 to 0.7 litres, [9] and minute ventilation by 30–40% [9] [10] giving an increase in pulmonary ventilation. This is necessary to meet the increased oxygen requirement of the body, which reaches 50 ml/min, 20 ml of which goes to reproductive tissues. Overall, the net change in maximum breathing ...
With a normal P a O 2 of 60–100 mmHg and an oxygen content of F I O 2 of 0.21 of room air, a normal P a O 2 /F I O 2 ratio ranges between 300 and 500 mmHg. A P a O 2 / F I O 2 ratio less than or equal to 200 mmHg is necessary for the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome by the AECC criteria . [ 7 ]
Although total liquid ventilation (TLV) with completely liquid-filled lungs can be beneficial, [9] the complex liquid-filled tube system required is a disadvantage compared to gas ventilation—the system must incorporate a membrane oxygenator, heater, and pumps to deliver to, and remove from the lungs tidal volume aliquots of conditioned perfluorocarbon (PFC).
The venturi mask, also known as an air-entrainment mask, is a medical device to deliver a known oxygen concentration to patients on controlled oxygen therapy. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The mask was invented by Moran Campbell at McMaster University Medical School as a replacement for intermittent oxygen treatment.
Older units cycled for a period of about 20 seconds and supplied up to 5 litres per minute of 90+% oxygen. Since about 1999, units capable of supplying up to 10 L/min have been available. Classic oxygen concentrators use two-bed molecular sieves; newer concentrators use multi-bed molecular sieves.
The simple face mask can deliver higher flow rates than nasal cannula (6–10 liters per minute) for an FiO2 of 30- 60% oxygen. [1] Nasal cannula and simple face masks are described as low flow delivery systems. [2] [3] Unlike the non-rebreather and partial rebreather masks, the simple face mask lacks a reservoir bag.
The oxygenation index is a calculation used in intensive care medicine to measure the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and its usage within the body. A lower oxygenation index is better - this can be inferred by the equation itself. As the oxygenation of a person improves, they will be able to achieve a higher PaO2 at a lower FiO2.
It should theoretically be identical to peak expiratory flow (PEF), which is, however, generally measured by a peak flow meter and given in liters per minute. [ 16 ] Recent research suggests that FEF25-75% or FEF25-50% may be a more sensitive parameter than FEV1 in the detection of obstructive small airway disease.
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