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The going train wheels are the only ones under load in a timepiece, since they bear the constant torque of the mainspring which is applied to the escapement, so these wheels are the only ones that receive significant wear. [5] In watches and some high quality clocks their arbors have jewel bearings. The going train in a modern clock or watch ...
The Astrarium: tracing of an illustration in the Tractatus astrarii showing the weights, escapement, and main gear train but not the complex upper section with its many wheels The Astrarium of Giovanni Dondi dall'Orologio was a complex astronomical clock built between 1348 and 1364 in Padova , Italy, by the doctor and clock-maker Giovanni Dondi ...
Large gears known as wheels mesh with small gears known as pinions. The wheels in a typical going train are the centre wheel, third wheel, and fourth wheel. A separate set of wheels, the motion work, divides the motion of the minute hand by 12 to move the hour hand and in watches another set, the keyless work, allows the hands to be set. Escapement
The escapement is a mechanism in a mechanical clock that maintains the swing of the pendulum by giving it a small push each swing, and allows the clock's wheels to advance a fixed amount with each swing, moving the clock's hands forward. The anchor escapement was so named because one of its principal parts is shaped vaguely like a ship's anchor.
2. The gear trains used in clocks and watches have multiple stages of wheels and pinions in which the pinions have few leaves. Involute designs for these leaves would be undercut, making them too fragile and difficult to manufacture. 3. A large aspect of the design of watch and clock movements is the minimisation of friction.
Epicyclic gearing or planetary gearing is a gear system consisting of one or more outer, or planet, gears or pinions, revolving about a central sun gear or sun wheel. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Typically, the planet gears are mounted on a movable arm or carrier , which itself may rotate relative to the sun gear.
A common use of differentials is in motor vehicles, to allow the wheels at each end of a drive axle to rotate at different speeds while cornering. Other uses include clocks and analogue computers . Differentials can also provide a gear ratio between the input and output shafts (called the "axle ratio" or "diff ratio").
The foliot was a horizontal bar with weights near its ends affixed to a vertical bar called the verge which was suspended free to rotate. The verge escapement caused the foliot to oscillate back and forth about its vertical axis. [12] The rate of the clock could be adjusted by moving the weights in or out on the foliot.