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There are many causes that can induce or contribute to the development of bronchiectasis. The frequency of these different causes varies with geographic location. [24] Cystic fibrosis is identified as a cause in up to half of cases. [3] Bronchiectasis without CF is known as non-CF bronchiectasis.
[4] [5] [6] Due to its rarity it presents a difficulty in adult diagnoses, and its initial presentation can be confused with septic shock. [7] Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical history, the characteristic expiratory airway collapse on radiological investigation, and exclusion of other causes of congenital and acquired bronchiectasis.
The residual volume, the volume of air left in the lungs following full expiration, is often increased in COPD, as is the total lung capacity, while the vital capacity remains relatively normal. The increased total lung capacity (hyperinflation) can result in the clinical feature of a barrel chest – a chest with a large front-to-back diameter ...
The differential diagnosis includes other types of lung disease that cause similar symptoms and show similar abnormalities on chest radiographs. Some of these diseases cause fibrosis, scarring or honeycomb change. The most common considerations include: chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis; non-specific interstitial pneumonia; sarcoidosis
M. avium and M. haemophilum infections in children form a distinct clinical entity, not associated with abnormalities of the immune system. M. avium typically causes unilateral swelling of one of the lymph nodes of the neck. This node is firm at the beginning, but a 'collar-stud' abscess is formed eventually, which is a characteristic blue ...
In children, hemoptysis is commonly caused by the presence of a foreign body in the airway. Other common causes include lung cancers and tuberculosis. Less common causes include aspergilloma, bronchiectasis, coccidioidomycosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonic plague, and cystic fibrosis.
Bronchorrhea is the production of more than 100 mL per day of watery sputum. [1] Chronic bronchitis is a common cause, but it may also be caused by asthma, [2] pulmonary contusion, [3] bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, cancer, scorpion stings, severe hypothermia and poisoning by organophosphates and other poisons.
CT scan in a patient with usual interstitial pneumonia, showing interstitial thickening, architectural distortion, honeycombing and bronchiectasis.. In radiology, honeycombing or "honeycomb lung" is the radiological appearance seen with widespread pulmonary fibrosis [1] and is defined by the presence of small cystic spaces with irregularly thickened walls composed of fibrous tissue.