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There are many causes that can induce or contribute to the development of bronchiectasis. The frequency of these different causes varies with geographic location. [24] Cystic fibrosis is identified as a cause in up to half of cases. [3] Bronchiectasis without CF is known as non-CF bronchiectasis.
[4] [5] [6] Due to its rarity it presents a difficulty in adult diagnoses, and its initial presentation can be confused with septic shock. [7] Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical history, the characteristic expiratory airway collapse on radiological investigation, and exclusion of other causes of congenital and acquired bronchiectasis.
Obstructive lung disease is a category of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction.Many obstructive diseases of the lung result from narrowing (obstruction) of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, often because of excessive contraction of the smooth muscle itself.
The disease is more common in males, [25] with the male to female ratio at 1.4–2:1 (or about 5 men to 3 women). [4] The average onset of the disease is around age 40, and two-thirds of those affected are non-smokers, although smoking is not believed to be a cause. [7] The presence of HLA-Bw54 increases the risk of diffuse panbronchiolitis 13. ...
M. avium and M. haemophilum infections in children form a distinct clinical entity, not associated with abnormalities of the immune system. M. avium typically causes unilateral swelling of one of the lymph nodes of the neck. This node is firm at the beginning, but a 'collar-stud' abscess is formed eventually, which is a characteristic blue ...
Crackles can be heard in people who have pneumonia, atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, acute bronchitis, bronchiectasis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), interstitial lung disease or post thoracotomy or metastasis ablation. Pulmonary edema secondary to left-sided congestive heart failure and high altitude pulmonary edema can also cause ...
In children, hemoptysis is commonly caused by the presence of a foreign body in the airway. Other common causes include lung cancers and tuberculosis. Less common causes include aspergilloma, bronchiectasis, coccidioidomycosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonic plague, and cystic fibrosis.
I plan on modifiying the Causes section by adding subheadings for each cause and a brief description with how the specific cause results in the development of bronchiectasis. The readability level of the Causes section is also postgraduate based on the Hemingway editor app and I would like to reduce the amount of technical jargon present ...