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One part per hundred thousand, per cent mille (pcm) or milli-percent denotes one part per 100,000 (10 5) parts, and a value of 10 −5. It is commonly used in epidemiology for mortality, crime and disease prevalence rates, and nuclear reactor engineering as a unit of reactivity.
Percentages greater than 100 or less than zero are treated in the same way, e.g. 311% equals 311/100, and −27% equals −27/100. The related concept of permille or parts per thousand (ppt) has an implied denominator of 1000, while the more general parts-per notation, as in 75 parts per million (ppm), means that the proportion is 75/1,000,000.
An ingredient's mass is obtained by multiplying the formula mass by that ingredient's true percentage; because an ingredient's true percentage is that ingredient's baker's percentage divided by the formula percentage expressed as parts per hundred, an ingredient's mass can also be obtained by multiplying the formula mass by the ingredient's ...
It is the same concept as volume percent (vol%) except that the latter is expressed with a denominator of 100, e.g., 18%. The volume fraction coincides with the volume concentration in ideal solutions where the volumes of the constituents are additive (the volume of the solution is equal to the sum of the volumes of its ingredients).
For example, 45% (read as "forty-five percent") is equal to the fraction 45 / 100 , the ratio 45:55 (or 45:100 when comparing to the total rather than the other portion), or 0.45. Percentages are often used to express a proportionate part of a total.
In mathematics, the infinite series 1 / 2 + 1 / 4 + 1 / 8 + 1 / 16 + ··· is an elementary example of a geometric series that converges absolutely. The sum of the series is 1.
Arthur Eddington argued that the fine-structure constant was a unit fraction. He initially thought it to be 1/136 and later changed his theory to 1/137. This contention has been falsified, given that current estimates of the fine structure constant are (to 6 significant digits) 1/137.036. [30]
= 10 parts per million by volume = 10 ppmv = 10 volumes/10 6 volumes NO x molar mass = 46 kg/kmol = 46 g/mol Flow rate of flue gas = 20 cubic metres per minute = 20 m 3 /min The flue gas exits the furnace at 0 °C temperature and 101.325 kPa absolute pressure. The molar volume of a gas at 0 °C temperature and 101.325 kPa is 22.414 m 3 /kmol.