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A megatsunami is a tsunami with an initial wave amplitude measured in many tens or hundreds of metres.The term "megatsunami" has been defined by media and has no precise definition, although it is commonly taken to refer to tsunamis over 100 metres (330 ft) high. [2]
The Sanriku region was hit by a large tsunami on 13 July 869 AD, causing floods to spread 4 km (2.5 mi) inland from the coast. Tagajō was destroyed, with an estimated 1,000 casualties. 887 CE: Nankai, Japan: 887 Ninna Nankai earthquake: Earthquake: On 26 August 887 AD, there was a strong commotion in the Kyoto region, causing great destruction ...
The Lituya Bay megatsunami caused damage at higher elevations than any other tsunami, being powerful enough to push water up the tree covered slopes of the fjord with enough force to clear trees to a reported height of 524 m (1,719 ft). [9] A 1:675 recreation of the tsunami found the wave crest was 150 m (490 ft) tall. [14]
Tsunamis can occur when an underwater earthquake rapidly displaces massive amounts of water, leading to a large, long wave that builds in intensity as it crosses the ocean.
Diagram showing how earthquakes can generate a tsunami. Tsunamis in lakes can be generated by fault displacement beneath or around lake systems. Faulting shifts the ground in a vertical motion through reverse, normal or oblique strike slip faulting processes, this displaces the water above causing a tsunami (Figure 1).
A volcanic tsunami, also called a volcanogenic tsunami, is a tsunami produced by volcanic phenomena. About 20–25% of all fatalities at volcanoes during the last 250 years have been caused by volcanic tsunamis.
Smaller (M w 4.2) earthquakes in Japan can trigger tsunamis (called local and regional tsunamis) that can devastate stretches of coastline, but can do so in only a few minutes at a time. Landslides The Tauredunum event was a large tsunami on Lake Geneva in 563 CE, caused by sedimentary deposits destabilised by a landslide.
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami + Fukushima nuclear disaster: $360 [6] [7] [5] $487.6 19,759 Undersea Megathrust Earthquake, Tsunami, Contamination (Radioactive) 2011 Japan: Great Hanshin earthquake: $200 [8] $399.9 5,502 – 6,434 Earthquake 1995 Japan: 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes: $157.8 [9] [10] $157.8 59,488 – 62,013 Earthquake 2023