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The Stanford marshmallow experiment was a study on delayed gratification in 1970 led by psychologist Walter Mischel, a professor at Stanford University. [1] In this study, a child was offered a choice between one small but immediate reward, or two small rewards if they waited for a period of time.
In follow-up experiments, Mischel found that children were able to wait longer if they used certain "cool" distraction techniques (covering their eyes, hiding under the desk, singing songs, [20] or imagining pretzels instead of the marshmallow in front of them), or if they changed the way they thought about the marshmallow (focusing on its ...
Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...
Present bias is the tendency to settle for a smaller present reward rather than wait for a larger future reward, in a trade-off situation. [1] [2] It describes the trend of overvaluing immediate rewards, while putting less worth in long-term consequences. [3]
Doctors recommend tapering off the medication only with the greatest of caution. The process can take years given that addiction is a chronic disease and effective therapy can be a long, grueling affair. Doctors and researchers often compare addiction from a medical perspective to diabetes.
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Joseph Charles Martin, SS (October 12, 1924 – March 9, 2009) was an American Catholic priest, recovered alcoholic and renowned speaker and educator on the issues of alcoholism and drug addiction. He was a member of the Sulpicians .
A fact from Stanford marshmallow experiment appeared on Wikipedia's Main Page in the Did you know column on 23 November 2010 (check views). The text of the entry was as follows: The text of the entry was as follows: