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The gene(s) may express as Tourette syndrome, as a milder tic disorder (transient or chronic tics), or as obsessive compulsive symptoms with no tics at all. [18] Only a minority of the children who inherit the gene(s) will have symptoms severe enough to require medical attention. [19]
Tourette syndrome or Tourette's syndrome (abbreviated as TS or Tourette's) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence. It is characterized by multiple movement (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic.
In the fourth revision of the DSM , tic disorders were classified as follows: [12] Transient tic disorder consisted of multiple motor and/or phonic tics with duration of at least 4 weeks, but less than 12 months. Chronic tic disorder was either single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which were present for more than a year.
307.22 Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder; 307.21 Transient tic disorder: Must meet the following criteria in order to be diagnosed: A. Either one or multiple motor and/or vocal tics, for example, motor or vocal noises that are rapid, repeated, sudden, and nonrhythmic. B.
Tic disorders occur along a spectrum, ranging from mild (transient or chronic tics) to more severe; Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability. [23] Nevertheless, most cases of Tourette syndrome are not severe. [23]
Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders, [6] and psychoeducation is the first step. [14] [15] A child's parents are typically the first to notice their tics; [16] they may feel worried, imagine that they are somehow responsible, or feel burdened by misinformation about Tourette's. [14]
307.22 Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder; 307.21 Transient tic disorder; ... or anxiolytic-induced anxiety disorder; ... 302.xx Gender identity disorder.6 in children
292.9 Unspecified drug-induced mental disorder; 293 Transient organic psychotic ... (Include: Child psychosis ... 300 Neurotic disorders. 300.0 Anxiety states; 300.1 ...