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In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, printf is a shell builtin (and utility program [2]) that formats and outputs text like the same-named C function. Originally named for outputting to a printer, it actually outputs to standard output. [3] The command accepts a format string, which specifies how to format values, and a list of values.
According to the Open Group Base Specifications, IFS is an abbreviation for "input field separators." [1] A newer version of this specification mentions that "this name is misleading as the IFS characters are actually used as field terminators."
Here, the first line uses a shebang to indicate which interpreter should execute the rest of the script, and the second line makes a listing with options for file format indicators, columns, all files (none omitted), and a size in blocks.
In some cases additional formatting specifiers can be used (as in printf), e.g. {apples:3}, and in some cases the formatting specifiers themselves can be interpolated, e.g. {apples:width}. Expansion of the string usually occurs at run time. Language support for string interpolation varies widely.
The TENEX C shell "introduced file name and command completion in addition to command-line editing features. The tcsh was developed by Ken Greer at Carnegie Mellon University." [13] The shebang, or hashbang symbol was available in tcsh. Also, positional parameters as the argv array including argv[1], the $0 shell variable as argv[0], the Count ...
printf(string format, items-to-format) It can take one or more arguments, where the first argument is a string to be written. This string can contain special formatting codes which are replaced by items from the remainder of the arguments. For example, an integer can be printed using the "%d" formatting code, e.g.: printf("%d", 42);
printf is a C standard library function that formats text and writes it to standard output. The name, printf is short for print formatted where print refers to output to a printer although the functions are not limited to printer output. The standard library provides many other similar functions that form a family of printf-like functions.
A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a command line user interface for Unix-like operating systems. The shell is both an interactive command language and a scripting language , and is used by the operating system to control the execution of the system using shell scripts .