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Copper(II) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu SO 4.It forms hydrates CuSO 4 ·nH 2 O, where n can range from 1 to 7. The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper(II) sulfate, [10] while its anhydrous form is white. [11]
Cu 2 SO 4 can also be synthesized by the action of dimethyl sulfate on cuprous oxide: [4] Cu 2 O + (CH 3 O) 2 SO 2 → Cu 2 SO 4 + (CH 3) 2 O. The material is stable in dry air at room temperature but decomposes rapidly in presence of moisture or upon heating. It decomposes into copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate upon contact with water. [4]
Molecular weight (M.W.) (for molecular compounds) and formula weight (F.W.) (for non-molecular compounds), are older terms for what is now more correctly called the relative molar mass (M r). [8] This is a dimensionless quantity (i.e., a pure number, without units) equal to the molar mass divided by the molar mass constant .
Crystals of hydrated copper(II) sulfate consist of [Cu(H 2 O) 4] 2+ centers linked to SO 2− 4 ions. Copper is surrounded by six oxygen atoms, provided by two different sulfate groups and four molecules of water. A fifth water resides elsewhere in the framework but does not bind directly to copper. [6]
Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate monohydrate, or more precisely tetraammineaquacopper(II) sulfate, is the salt with the formula [Cu(N H 3) 4]S O 4 ·H 2 O, or more precisely [Cu(NH 3) 4 (H 2 O)]SO 4. This dark blue to purple solid is a sulfuric acid salt of the metal complex [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 (H 2 O)] 2+ (tetraammineaquacopper(II) cation ).
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Green vitriol is iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate, FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O; blue vitriol is copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O and white vitriol is zinc sulfate heptahydrate, ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O. Alum, a double sulfate of potassium and aluminium with the formula K 2 Al 2 (SO 4) 4 ·24H 2 O, figured in the development of the chemical industry.
In laboratory, copper benzoate can be made by combining aqueous solutions of potassium benzoate with copper sulfate. Hydrated copper benzoate precipitates as a pale blue solid: 4 C 6 H 5 CO 2 K + 2 CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O → Cu 2 (C 6 H 5 CO 2) 4 (H 2 O) 2 + 2 K 2 SO 4 + 8 H 2 O. The primary use of this compound is in the production of a blue flame in ...