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This eruption was the largest in at least 1,300 years (after the hypothesized eruption causing the volcanic winter of 536); its effect on the climate may have been exacerbated by the 1814 eruption of Mayon in the Philippines. The significant amount of volcanic ash and gases released into the atmosphere blocked sunlight, leading to global cooling.
The eruptions continued for roughly two million years and spanned the Permian–Triassic boundary, or P–T boundary, which occurred around 251.9 million years ago. The Siberian Traps are believed to be the primary cause of the Permian–Triassic extinction event , the most severe extinction event in the geologic record.
A volcanic eruption is essentially the only natural way for short-lived – less than a few years – gases like sulfur dioxide and water vapor to make it into the stratosphere.
Nishinoshima (Japanese: 西之島, "western island") is a volcanic island located around 940 km (584 mi) south-southeast of Tokyo that is part of the Volcano Islands arc. . Nishinoshima is located about 130 km to the west of the nearest inhabited Ogasawara islands, Chichijima Island, hence the name; the other Ogasawara island groups are aligned more to the north–
Unfortunately, the eruption has had disastrous and deadly local consequences: A tsunami nearly 50 feet high pummeled some of Tonga's populated islands.Th How a mighty volcanic eruption sent ...
Its fifth eruption has been the one of this sequence with the most volcanic ash released as of June 1, 2024 due to contact with groundwater that has accumulated from rain. The amount of available magma is estimated to be around 20 million cubic metres. [20] The fifth eruption ceased on 22nd June and afterward inflow continued into the magma ...
The name Huaynaputina, also spelled Huayna Putina, was given to the volcano after the 1600 eruption. [4] [5] According to one translation cited by the Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism, Huayna means 'new', and Putina means 'fire-throwing mountain'; the full name is meant to suggest the aggressiveness of its volcanic activity and refers to the 1600 eruption being its first one.
The most parsimonious explanation is that the mercury was initially derived from a pulse of volcanic activity, particularly the Wrangellia LIP. This further supports a volcanic cause of the Carnian pluvial episode. [44] Mercury spikes are also found alongside carbon cycle disruptions in both marine [45] and lake [46] sediments in China.