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Rogers offers liquid cooling materials designed to dissipate large amounts of heat, and provide thermal management of high-power laser diodes and other heat-generating optical devices. The cooling structures are copper foil channels bonded into a tight block, with aluminum-nitride (AlN) isolation layers added for extra performance.
It is called "soft" because it uses elastomeric materials, most notably PDMS. Soft lithography is generally used to construct features measured on the micrometer to nanometer scale. According to Rogers and Nuzzo (2005), development of soft lithography expanded rapidly from 1995 to 2005. Soft lithography tools are now commercially available.
In materials science Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) may be characterized by the variation in composition and structure gradually over volume, resulting in corresponding changes in the properties of the material. The materials can be designed for specific function and applications.
A basic PCB consists of a flat sheet of insulating material and a layer of copper foil, laminated to the substrate. Chemical etching divides the copper into separate conducting lines called tracks or circuit traces , pads for connections, vias to pass connections between layers of copper, and features such as solid conductive areas for ...
This surface could be used to produce new film or layers of material such as deposited coatings. It could be the base to which paint, adhesives, or adhesive tape is bonded. A typical substrate might be rigid such as metal, concrete, or glass, onto which a coating might be deposited. Flexible substrates are also used. [1]
Substrate is used in a converting process such as printing or coating to generally describe the base material onto which, e.g. images, will be printed. Base materials may include: plastic films or foils, release liner; textiles, plastic containers; any variety of paper (lightweight, heavyweight, coated, uncoated, paperboard, cardboard, etc ...
In materials science, a metal matrix composite (MMC) is a composite material with fibers or particles dispersed in a metallic matrix, such as copper, aluminum, or steel.The secondary phase is typically a ceramic (such as alumina or silicon carbide) or another metal (such as steel [1]).
Surface modification is the act of modifying the surface of a material by bringing physical, chemical or biological characteristics different from the ones originally found on the surface of a material. [1] This modification is usually made to solid materials, but it is possible to find examples of the modification to the surface of specific ...