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The norm of reciprocity has positive and negative aspects. A positive norm of reciprocity is "the embedded obligations created by exchanges of benefits or favours among individuals. The recipient feels indebted to the favour or benefit giver until he/she repays". [6]
In social psychology, reciprocity is a social norm of responding to an action executed by another person with a similar or equivalent action. This typically results in rewarding positive actions and punishing negative ones. [ 1 ]
The social norm of reciprocity is the expectation that people will respond to each other in similar ways—responding to gifts and kindnesses from others with similar benevolence of their own, and responding to harmful, hurtful acts from others with either indifference or some form of retaliation.
Reciprocity (electromagnetism), theorems relating sources and the resulting fields in classical electromagnetism; Reciprocity (electrical networks), reciprocity theorem as it relates to current and voltage in electrical networks; Reciprocity (network science), measures the tendency of vertex pairs to form mutual connections between each other
The economic model of reciprocal altruism includes direct reciprocity and indirect reciprocity. Direct reciprocity is an immediate collaborative exchange that benefits everyone. Direct reciprocity was introduced by Robert Trivers [2] as a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation. The direct reciprocal is typically one-for-one: I incur the ...
Annette Weiner argued that the "norm of reciprocity" is deeply implicated in the development of Western economic theory.Both John Locke and Adam Smith used the idea of reciprocity to justify a free market without state intervention.
Summarized by Gouldner, the reciprocity norm states that a benefit should be returned and the one who gives the benefit should not be harmed. This is used to stabilize relationships and to identify egoism. This norm suggests independence in relationships and invite the individual to consider more than one's self-interest. [24]
Norm of reciprocity – out of social obligation, an individual will respond in the same manner as another Communication accommodation theory (CAT) – Gallois et al. (1991) and Giles (1973) – considers the way an individual interacts with another based on the context of the interaction [ 6 ]