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An illustration of Stokes' theorem, with surface Σ, its boundary ∂Σ and the normal vector n.The direction of positive circulation of the bounding contour ∂Σ, and the direction n of positive flux through the surface Σ, are related by a right-hand-rule (i.e., the right hand the fingers circulate along ∂Σ and the thumb is directed along n).
In this notation, Stokes' theorem reads as = . In finite element analysis, the first stage is often the approximation of the domain of interest by a triangulation, T. For example, a curve would be approximated as a union of straight line segments; a surface would be approximated by a union of triangles, whose edges are straight line segments ...
In particular, the fundamental theorem of calculus is the special case where the manifold is a line segment, Green’s theorem and Stokes' theorem are the cases of a surface in or , and the divergence theorem is the case of a volume in . [2] Hence, the theorem is sometimes referred to as the fundamental theorem of multivariate calculus.
Stokes boundary layer due to the sinusoidal oscillation of the far-field flow velocity. The horizontal velocity is the blue line, and the corresponding horizontal particle excursions are the red dots.
When the outer Soddy circle has negative curvature, its center is the isoperimetric point of the triangle: the three triangles formed by this center and two vertices of the starting triangle all have the same perimeter. [4] Triangles whose outer Soddy circle degenerates to a straight line with curvature zero have been called "Soddyian triangles ...
The Navier–Stokes equations are based on the assumption that the fluid, at the scale of interest, is a continuum – a continuous substance rather than discrete particles. Another necessary assumption is that all the fields of interest including pressure , flow velocity , density , and temperature are at least weakly differentiable .
The area of a triangle can be demonstrated, for example by means of the congruence of triangles, as half of the area of a parallelogram that has the same base length and height. A graphic derivation of the formula T = h 2 b {\displaystyle T={\frac {h}{2}}b} that avoids the usual procedure of doubling the area of the triangle and then halving it.
No you're quite right that Stokes theorem holds for any surface with rectifiable boundary, but I'm uncertain whether that would still be considered the (historical) "Kelvin-Stokes theorem". The theorem that is the subject of this article reduces it to the two dimensional Green's theorem, which arguably does require the Jordan curve theorem to ...
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