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The Tariff of 1857 was a major tax reduction in the United States that amended the Walker Tariff of 1846 by lowering rates to between 15% and 24%. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The Tariff of 1857 was developed in response to a federal budget surplus in the mid-1850s. [ 2 ]
For almost 400 years, hundreds of counties, cities, and towns were formed in the Colony of Virginia and later the Commonwealth of Virginia. It was generally the tradition of the English during the colonial period to establish large geographic units, and then to sub-divide them into smaller more manageable units.
Virginia counties and cities by year of establishment. The Commonwealth of Virginia is divided into 95 counties, along with 38 independent cities that are considered county-equivalents for census purposes, totaling 133 second-level subdivisions. In Virginia, cities are co-equal levels of government to counties, but towns are part of counties.
The Tariff of 1842 returned the tariff to the level of 1832, with duties averaging between 23% and 35%. The Walker Tariff of 1846 essentially focused on revenue and reversed the trend of substituting specific for ad valorem duties. The Tariff of 1857 reduced the tariff to a general level of 20%, the lowest rate since 1830, and expanded the free ...
Map of all counties and independent cities in Virginia. Derived from Image:Map of Virginia highlighting Richmond County.svg, but with highlighting removed and all internal ids for counties changed to include "_County" to avoid conflicts with cities with the same name. Date: 21 April 2007 (original upload date) Source: No machine-readable source ...
Virginia counties and independent cities map.gif licensed with Cc-by-sa-3.0-migrated-with-disclaimers, GFDL-en 2006-10-16T20:34:33Z JosN 1009x491 (71702 Bytes) Map of Virginia counties and independant cities. Map of Virginia highlighting Floyd County.svg licensed with PD-self
Virginia's independent cities were classified by the Virginia General Assembly in 1871 as cities of the first class and cities of the second class. [6] The Virginia Constitution of 1902 defined first-class cities as those having a population of 10,000 or more based upon the last census enumeration, while second-class cities were those that had ...
Clay's 1833 compromise tariff specified that all duties more than 20% of the value of the goods imported were to be reduced by easy stages, so that by 1842, the duties on all articles would reach the level of the moderate tariff of 1816. The rest of the South declared South Carolina's course unwise and unconstitutional.