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Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the sum of activity and interventions required to ensure the best possible physical, mental, and social conditions so that patients with chronic or post-acute cardiovascular disease may, by their own efforts, preserve or resume their proper place in society and lead an active life". [1]
Athletic training is an allied health care profession recognized by the American Medical Association (AMA) [1] that "encompasses the prevention, examination, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of emergent, acute, or chronic injuries and medical conditions."
AAPM&R’s membership reflects the diversity of the specialty of PM&R. Member physicians may treat amputations, pain (neck, nerve, arthritic, back), injuries (brain, spinal cord, sports-related), rehabilitation (cardiac, geriatric, pediatric) and more. Some physiatrists treat multiple conditions while others may focus on specific areas of interest.
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The AOBPMR is one of two certifying boards for physiatrists in the United States. The other certifying authority is the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, a member board of the American Board of Medical Specialties. As of 2011, 220 osteopathic physiatrists held active certification with the AOBPMR. [5]
It is one of two certifying boards, along with the American Osteopathic Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, to certify physiatrists in the United States. The Board certifies physicians with Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) and Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degrees.
Physical medicine and rehabilitation encompasses a variety of clinical settings and patient populations. [citation needed]In hospital settings, physiatrists commonly treat patients who have had an amputation, spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and other debilitating injuries or conditions.
There is an enormous amount of evidence proving that exercise (when prescribed as a medical treatment) is effective at preventing and treating most of the major chronic diseases, [3] [4] including cancer, [5] cardiovascular diseases, [6] [7] arthritis, [8] osteoporosis, [9] back pain, [10] [11] diabetes, [12] depression and other mental illnesses and falls in the elderly.