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Hunga Tonga and Hunga Haʻapai are the only subaerial parts of the volcano. Hunga Tonga is the eastern island, while Hunga Haʻapai is the western one. They are part of Tonga's Haʻapai group of islands, [15] an island arc formed at the convergent boundary where the Pacific Plate subducts under the Indo-Australian Plate. [6] [16] [17]
Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai is 65 kilometres (40 mi) north of Tongatapu, the country's main island, [9] and is part of the highly active Tonga–Kermadec Islands volcanic arc, a subduction zone extending from New Zealand to Fiji. [10] [11] On the Volcanic Explosivity Index scale, the eruption was rated at least a VEI-5.
Location Last eruption Coordinates; ʻAta: 382 m (1,253 ft) Curacoa: −33 m (−108 ft) ... Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai: 114 m (374 ft) 2022: Kao: 1,030 m (3,379 ft) ...
The Tonga Meteorological Services said a tsunami warning was declared for all of the archipelago, and data from the Pacific tsunami center showed waves of 80 centimeters (2.7 feet) had been detected.
A team of Tongan geologists observed a massive plume of ash rising skyward during a continuous eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano on January 14.Images released by the Tonga ...
A British woman was found to have been killed by the tsunami in Tonga. [19] 4 Mount Semeru [20] Indonesia 2021 12 57 An eruption began on December 4, and ejected a cloud of volcanic ash 12,000 m (40,000 ft) into the air, killing at least 57 people and injuring more than 100 others. 4 Fukutoku-Okanoba [21] Japan 2021 16
The 2009 Tonga undersea volcanic eruption began on 16 March 2009, [5] near the island of Hunga Tonga, approximately 62 kilometres (39 mi) from the Tongan capital of Nukuʻalofa. [6] The volcano is in a highly active volcanic region that represents a portion of the Pacific Ring of Fire .
The capital city was struck by the tsunami caused by the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption. [5] The city reportedly suffered significant damage from the tsunami, which may potentially take years to repair. [6] [7]