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Schematic diagram of NF-κB protein structure. [1] There are two structural classes of NF-κB proteins: class I (top) and class II (bottom). Both classes of proteins contain a N-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD), which also serves as a dimerization interface to other NF-κB transcription factors and, in addition, binds to the inhibitory IκBα ...
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB1 gene. [ 5 ] This gene encodes a 105 kD protein which can undergo cotranslational processing by the 26S proteasome to produce a 50 kD protein.
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB2 gene. [5] Function. NF-κB has been detected in numerous cell types that ...
IKK-β is an enzyme that serves as a protein subunit of IκB kinase, which is a component of the cytokine-activated intracellular signaling pathway involved in triggering immune responses. IKK's activity causes activation of a transcription factor known as Nuclear Transcription factor kappa-B or NF-κB.
Transcription factor p65 also known as nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RELA gene. [ 5 ] RELA, also known as p65, is a REL-associated protein involved in NF-κB heterodimer formation, nuclear translocation and activation. [ 6 ]
Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, delta also known as IκBNS is a protein in humans that is encoded by the NFKBID gene. [5]IκBNS is a member of the atypical inhibitors of NF-κB (also called the nuclear IκBs).
The IκBα (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B) protein inactivates the NF-κB transcription factor by masking the nuclear localization signals (NLS) of NF-κB proteins and keeping them sequestered in an inactive state in the cytoplasm. [2] [3] [4] Specifically, IKK phosphorylates the inhibitory IκBα protein. [5]
The NF-κB complex is inhibited by I-kappa-B proteins (NFKBIA or NFKBIB), which inactivate NF-kappa-B by trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on the I-kappa-B proteins by kinases ( IKBKA , or IKBKB ) marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-kappa-B complex.