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Blood plasma is separated from whole blood samples on a wax-printed device, where red blood cells are agglutinated by antibodies and the blood plasma is able to flow to a second compartment for the color-change reaction. [63] Electrochemical detection [83] has also been used in these devices. It provides greater sensitivity in quantification ...
Droplet formation using a flow focusing device. [17] Diagram of flow focusing droplet formation device commonly used in microfluidic devices. Liquid flowing in from the left is pinched off into droplets by an oil flowing in from the top and bottom. [10] Two stream reagent addition using a flow focusing approach with a planar chip format. [18]
This technology uses a Tesla valve to make sure that the coolant flow is unidirectional. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Principle of operation of a Tesla valve: The upper figure shows flow in the blocking direction: at each segment, part of the fluid is turned around (red) and interferes with the forward flow (black).
Blood typically exits the wound in spurts, rather than in a steady flow; the blood spurts out in time with the heartbeat. The amount of blood loss can be copious, and can occur very rapidly. [10] Venous bleeding: This blood is flowing from a damaged vein. As a result, it is blackish in colour (due to the lack of oxygen it transports) and flows ...
Because they are built using the same manufacturing technology, it is possible to make a nanofluidic system with digital integrated circuit on a single chip. Therefore, the control and manipulation of particles in the electrolyte can be achieved in a real-time. [19] Fabrication of nano-channels is categorized into top-down and bottom-up methods.
A flow tracer is any fluid property used to track the flow velocity (i.e., flow magnitude and direction) and circulation patterns. Tracers can be chemical properties, such as radioactive material , or chemical compounds, physical properties, such as density, temperature, salinity, or dyes, and can be natural or artificially induced.
First, metabolites that are produced by active muscle use can alter skeletal muscle tone. Second, skeletal muscle can undergo hyperemia, which is a mechanism of local blood flow regulation with two major subtypes. Regardless of the subtype, the result of hyperemia is an increase in blood flow to the affected skeletal muscle. [4]
Radioisotopes of hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, and iodine have been used extensively to trace the path of biochemical reactions. A radioactive tracer can also be used to track the distribution of a substance within a natural system such as a cell or tissue , [ 1 ] or as a flow tracer to track fluid flow .