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Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group. The naming of these compounds is governed by IUPAC nomenclature, which ensures systematic and consistent naming of chemicals.
CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CHO → CH 3 CH=CHCHO + H 2 O. Hydrogenation of 3-hydroxybutanal gives 1,3-butanediol: CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CHO + H 2 → CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CH 2 OH. This diol is a precursor to 1,3-butadiene, precursor to diverse polymers. Polymerization of 3-hydroxybutanal is also spontaneous, but can be stopped with the addition of water.
Methyl acetate is produced industrially via the carbonylation of methanol as a byproduct of the production of acetic acid. [6] Methyl acetate also arises by esterification of acetic acid with methanol in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid; this production process is famous [according to whom?] because of Eastman Kodak's intensified process using a reactive distillation.
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) [1] attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO 2 H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups ...
The suffixes -diol, -triol, -tetrol, etc., are used for multiple −OH groups: Ethylene glycol CH 2 OHCH 2 OH is ethane-1,2-diol. If higher precedence functional groups are present (see order of precedence , below), the prefix "hydroxy" is used with the bonding position: CH 3 CHOHCOOH is 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.
β-Hydroxybutyric acid, also known as 3-hydroxybutyric acid or BHB, is an organic compound and a beta hydroxy acid with the chemical formula CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CO 2 H; its conjugate base is β-hydroxybutyrate, also known as 3-hydroxybutyrate. β-Hydroxybutyric acid is a chiral compound with two enantiomers: D-β-hydroxybutyric acid and L-β-hydroxybutyric acid.
3 CH(OH)CO − 2. Compared to acetic acid, its pK a is 1 unit less, meaning lactic acid is ten times more acidic than acetic acid. This higher acidity is the consequence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the α-hydroxyl and the carboxylate group. Lactic acid is chiral, consisting of two enantiomers.
The oxidation products derived from methyl are hydroxymethyl group −CH 2 OH, formyl group −CHO, and carboxyl group −COOH. For example, permanganate often converts a methyl group to a carboxyl (−COOH) group, e.g. the conversion of toluene to benzoic acid. Ultimately oxidation of methyl groups gives protons and carbon dioxide, as seen in ...