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This process converts two relatively cheap starting materials, benzene and propylene, into two more valuable ones, phenol and acetone. Other reactants required are oxygen from air and small amounts of a radical initiator. Most of the worldwide production of phenol and acetone is now based on this method.
This compound is then converted to phenol and acetone, both commodity chemicals. are made from benzene and propylene. Many variations of this reaction have been developed, e.g. use of diisopropylbenzene as a substrate. the autoxidation of cyclohexane yields cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. [20] p-xylene undergoes auoxidation to terephthalic acid.
An electrosynthesis employing alternating current gives phenol from benzene. [27] The oxidation of toluene, as developed by Dow Chemical, involves copper-catalyzed reaction of molten sodium benzoate with air: C 6 H 5 CH 3 + 2 O 2 → C 6 H 5 OH + CO 2 + H 2 O. The reaction is proposed to proceed via formation of benzyoylsalicylate. [8]
Cumene hydroperoxide is an intermediate in the cumene process for producing phenol and acetone from benzene and propene. Cumene hydroperoxide is a free radical initiator for production of acrylates. [5] Cumene hydroperoxide is involved as an organic peroxide in the manufacturing of propylene oxide by the oxidation of propylene. This technology ...
Benzene can be easily converted to chlorobenzene by nucleophilic aromatic substitution via a benzyne intermediate. [1] It is treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C and 300 bar or molten sodium hydroxide at 350 °C to convert it to sodium phenoxide, which yields phenol upon acidification. [2]
In the cumene process, benzene is alkylated with propylene to produce cumene, which is oxidized by air to produce phenol and acetone: Other processes involve the direct oxidation of propylene (Wacker-Hoechst process), or the hydration of propylene to give 2-propanol, which is oxidized (dehydrogenated) to acetone. [24]
In the body, benzene is enzymatically converted to a series of oxidation products including muconic acid, phenylmercapturic acid, phenol, catechol, hydroquinone and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene. Most of these metabolites have some value as biomarkers of human exposure, since they accumulate in the urine in proportion to the extent and duration of ...
The main steps in this process are the production of chlorobenzene from benzene, hydrochloric acid and oxygen, and the subsequent hydrolysis of chlorobenzene to phenol. [4] The first step uses either a copper or iron chloride catalyst and exposes the materials to air at 200–250 °C.