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Of the surviving pre-Roman accounts of Scotland, the first written reference to Scotland was the Greek Pytheas of Massalia, who may have circumnavigated the British Isles of Albion and Ierne (Ireland) [26] [27] sometime around 325 BC. The most northerly point of Britain was called Orcas (Orkney).
From the 5th century on, north Britain was divided into a series of petty kingdoms. Of these, the four most important were those of the Picts in the north-east, the Scots of Dál Riata in the west, the Britons of Strathclyde in the south-west and the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia (which united with Deira to form Northumbria in 653) in the south-east, stretching into modern northern England.
The 2004 enlargement of the European Union spurred an increase in migration from Central and Eastern Europe to Scotland, and the 2011 census indicated that 61,000 Poles lived there. [171] [172] There are many more people with Scottish ancestry living abroad than the total population of Scotland.
Scotland has a referendum on national independence. Result is to remain part of the UK, by 55% to 45%. 2015 The Scottish National Party wins 4.7% of the popular vote in the UK General Election, securing 56 out of the 59 seats in Scotland out of 650 seats in total across the UK. 2022: 8 September
The First Interregnum began upon the death of Alexander III of Scotland in 1286. Alexander's only surviving descendant was his granddaughter Margaret, Maid of Norway, a young child, who inherited the throne in 1286. A set of guardians were appointed to rule Scotland in her absence since she was living in Norway where her father Eric II was king ...
The Scotland Act does not explicitly state whether non-binding referendums on reserve powers were reserved. [93] In the Scottish Government's written case published in July 2022, the Lord Advocate observed that "the Union of the Kingdoms of Scotland and England has been superseded as a matter of law and exists only as an historical fact.
The "altar stone" at the center of Stonehenge likely originated in present-day Scotland, a study found. That's more than 450 miles away, raising questions about how ancient humans ...
The primary unit of social organisation in Germanic and Celtic Europe was the kin group. [54] The mention of descent through the female line in the ruling families of the Picts in later sources and the recurrence of leaders clearly from outside of Pictish society, has led to the conclusion that their system of descent was matrilineal.