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Of the surviving pre-Roman accounts of Scotland, the first written reference to Scotland was the Greek Pytheas of Massalia, who may have circumnavigated the British Isles of Albion and Ierne (Ireland) [26] [27] sometime around 325 BC. The most northerly point of Britain was called Orcas (Orkney).
The Union of the Crowns: James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England. 1614: John Napier invents logarithms and publishes a book promoting their use in mathematics. 1618: James VI forces episcopacy on the Church of Scotland through the Five Articles of Perth. 1625: Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned. 1633
Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjacent islands, principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles.
From the 5th century on, north Britain was divided into a series of petty kingdoms. Of these, the four most important were those of the Picts in the north-east, the Scots of Dál Riata in the west, the Britons of Strathclyde in the south-west and the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia (which united with Deira to form Northumbria in 653) in the south-east, stretching into modern northern England.
Scoti or Scotti is a Latin name for the Gaels, [1] first attested in the late 3rd century.It originally referred to all Gaels, first those in Ireland and then those who had settled in Great Britain as well, but it later came to refer only to Gaels in northern Britain. [1]
Between 1639 and 1652, Scotland was involved in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, a series of conflicts which included the Bishops' Wars, the Irish Rebellion of 1641, the English Civil War, the Irish Confederate Wars and finally the conquest of Ireland and the subjugation of Scotland by the English New Model Army.
The name of Scotland is derived from the Latin Scoti, the term applied to Gaels. The origin of the word Scotia dates back to the 4th century and was first used by Roman writers to describe the northern Gaelic group of raiders that left present-day Ireland and landed in west coast Scotland. [3]
Scotland under the Commonwealth is the history of the Kingdom of Scotland between the declaration that the kingdom was part of the Commonwealth of England in February 1652, and the Restoration of the monarchy with Scotland regaining its position as an independent kingdom, in June 1660.