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  2. Spacecraft electric propulsion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft_electric_propulsion

    Due to limited electric power the thrust is much weaker compared to chemical rockets, but electric propulsion can provide thrust for a longer time. [2] Electric propulsion was first demonstrated in the 1960s and is now a mature and widely used technology on spacecraft. American and Russian satellites have used electric propulsion for decades. [3]

  3. Ion thruster - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_thruster

    Plasma properties change rapidly across this boundary, which is known as a current-free electric double layer. The electrical potential is much higher inside the source region than in the exhaust and this serves both to confine most of the electrons and to accelerate the ions away from the source region.

  4. Hall-effect thruster - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall-effect_thruster

    The xenon ions are then accelerated by the electric field between the anode and the cathode. For discharge voltages of 300 V, the ions reach speeds of around 15 km/s (9.3 mi/s) for a specific impulse of 1,500 s (15 kN·s/kg). Upon exiting, however, the ions pull an equal number of electrons with them, creating a plasma plume with no net charge.

  5. Spacecraft propulsion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft_propulsion

    The rate of change of velocity is called acceleration and the rate of change of momentum is called force. [15] To reach a given velocity, one can apply a small acceleration over a long period of time, or a large acceleration over a short time; similarly, one can achieve a given impulse with a large force over a short time or a small force over ...

  6. NEXT (ion thruster) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEXT_(ion_thruster)

    The NEXT thruster has demonstrated, in ground tests, a total impulse of 17 MN·s; which as of 2010 was the highest total impulse ever demonstrated by an ion thruster. [2] A beam extraction area 1.6 times that of NSTAR allows higher thruster input power while maintaining low voltages and ion current densities, thus maintaining thruster longevity.

  7. College students break record for highest rocket launched by ...

    www.aol.com/college-students-break-record...

    800-290-4726 more ways to reach us. Mail. ... the world record for the highest altitude reached by a rocket launched by amateurs — soaring a whopping 89 miles above the Earth. ... reached by an ...

  8. Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_Specific_Impulse...

    The Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR) is an electrothermal thruster under development for possible use in spacecraft propulsion. It uses radio waves to ionize and heat an inert propellant , forming a plasma, then a magnetic field to confine and accelerate the expanding plasma , generating thrust .

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