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The kidney is divided into parenchyma and renal sinus. The renal sinus is hyperechoic and is composed of calyces, the renal pelvis, fat and the major intrarenal vessels. In the normal kidney, the urinary collecting system in the renal sinus is not visible, but it creates a heteroechoic appearance with the interposed fat and vessels.
To monitor a kidney transplant. [1] The symptoms that a person may experience that cause the test to be requested may be blood in the urine, abdominal pain, abnormal kidney function tests, and frequent urinary tract infections (of which symptoms may include the need to pass urine frequently, pain on urination, and worsening urinary incontinence ...
The kidney function can also be assessed with medical imaging. Some forms of imaging, such as kidney ultrasound or CT scans, may assess kidney function by indicating chronic disease that can impact function, by showing a small or shrivelled kidney. [citation needed].
Ultrasound imaging is useful for detecting stones, for example kidney stones or gallstones, because they create a clearly visible ultrasound shadow behind the stone. [ citation needed ] Ultrasonography can be used to guide procedures such as treatment for kidney stones with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy , needle biopsies or paracentesis ...
Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics (e.g., distances and velocities) or to generate an informative audible sound.
An intravenous pyelogram is used to look for problems relating to the urinary tract. [5] These may include blockages or narrowing, such as due to kidney stones, cancer (such as renal cell carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma), enlarged prostate glands, and anatomical variations, [5] such as a medullary sponge kidney. [6]
Diagnosis is primarily made using ultrasound and CT. [2] CT and MRI imaging can show the space occupying lesions but doppler ultrasound is needed to display the hemodynamic changes occurring in the kidney. [8] Ultrasound is often the initial diagnostic test of choice but due to its low resolution further imaging may be necessary. [1]
Pancake kidney (also known as disc, shield or doughnut kidney [1]) is a rare anomaly of the kidney with complete fusion of the superior, mild and inferior poles of both kidneys. The kidney is seen as a single, disc-shaped mass typically located in the pelvis. [2] Each kidney has its own ureter that does not cross the midline. [1]