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This circuit is called a leading-edge dimmer or forward phase dimming. Waveform of the output voltage of a thyristor dimmer set for 60 volts RMS output, with 120 V input. The red trace shows the output device switching on about 5.5 ms after the input (blue) voltage crosses zero.
The design was initiated by the U.S. EPA and the Lighting Research Center in 2004, in order to facilitate the deployment of compact fluorescent light bulbs with replaceable ballasts. [ 1 ] The GU24 fitting is compliant with a 2008 ruling by the California Energy Commission under Title 24 ( California Building Standards Code ) to require high ...
Fluorescent tube diameter designation comparison Designation Tube diameter Extra (in) (mm) Socket Notes T2 1 ⁄ 4 approx. 7 WP4.5×8.5d Osram's Fluorescent Miniature (FM) tubes; Sylvania Luxline Slim T2 Linear; T4 1 ⁄ 2: 12.7 G5 bi-pin: Slim lamps. Power ratings and lengths not standardized (and not the same) between different manufacturers ...
The lamps use a tube that is curved or folded to fit into the space of an incandescent bulb, and a compact electronic ballast in the base of the lamp. Compared to general-service incandescent lamps giving the same amount of visible light , CFLs use one-fifth to one-third the electric power, and last eight to fifteen times longer.
Overdriving a fluorescent lamp is a method of getting more light from each tube than is obtained under rated conditions. ODNO (Overdriven Normal Output) fluorescent tubes are generally used when there is not enough room to put in more bulbs to increase the light. The method is effective, but generates some additional issues.
Left to right: MR16 with GU10 base, MR16 with GU5.3 base, MR11 with GU4 or GZ4 base Line drawing of an LED MR16 lamp, with a heatsink rather than a reflector. A multifaceted reflector (often abbreviated MR) light bulb is a reflector housing format for halogen as well as some LED and fluorescent lamps.
The first commercially available ESL product was a reflector bulb. Drawbacks include high weight, a slightly larger-than-normal base and – as with all cathode ray tubes – when switched on, a slight delay before illumination begins and a static charge which attracts dust to the bulb face. As of 2016 the cost is higher and claimed efficiency ...
With HMI bulbs, color temperature varies significantly with lamp age. A new bulb generally will output at a color temperature close to 15,000 K during its first few hours. As the bulb ages, the color temperature reaches its nominal value of around 5600 K or 6000 K. With age, the arc length becomes larger as more of the electrodes burn away.
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