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The engine is based on an expansion of the 1.0 EcoBoost, taking the capacity per cylinder up to 500cc which Ford consider is likely to be the maximum for optimum thermal efficiency. [32] The engine is an all-aluminum design with integrated exhaust manifold, low inertia mixed flow turbocharger and combines both port fuel injection and direct ...
The unit is operated 120 days each year for 8 hours per day (960 hours per year), and the electric energy cost is $0.10 per kilowatt-hour. What is its annual cost of operation in terms of electric energy? First, we convert tons of cooling to BTU/h: (4 tons) × (12,000 (BTU/h)/ton) = 48,000 BTU/h. The annual cost of the electric energy is:
The bypass ratio (BPR) of a turbofan engine is the ratio between the mass flow rate of the bypass stream to the mass flow rate entering the core. [1] A 10:1 bypass ratio, for example, means that 10 kg of air passes through the bypass duct for every 1 kg of air passing through the core.
Thermal energy of phase change at 88.6 °C (361.8 K) Liquid nitrogen: 0.77 [90] 0.62 213.9 172.2 Maximum reversible work at 77.4 K with 300 K reservoir Compressed air at 30 MPa (4,400 psi) 0.5 0.2 138.9 55.6 Potential energy Latent heat of fusion of ice (thermal) 0.334 0.334 93.1 93.1 Flywheel: 0.36–0.5 5.3 Kinetic energy Water at 100 m dam ...