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This timeline of cosmological theories and discoveries is a chronological record of the development of humanity's understanding of the cosmos over the last two-plus millennia. Modern cosmological ideas follow the development of the scientific discipline of physical cosmology .
The nebular hypothesis says that the Solar System formed from the gravitational collapse of a fragment of a giant molecular cloud, [9] most likely at the edge of a Wolf-Rayet bubble. [10] The cloud was about 20 parsecs (65 light years) across, [ 9 ] while the fragments were roughly 1 parsec (three and a quarter light-years ) across. [ 11 ]
2009 – Robot Scientist (also known as Adam) is created, the first machine in history to have discovered new scientific knowledge independently of its human creators. [ 38 ] 2012 – Constructor theory , a proposal for a new mode of explanation in fundamental physics, is sketched out by the British physicist David Deutsch .
First OCR tools are invented and applied in industry, able to interpret Morse code and read text out loud. The Intelligent Machines Research Corporation is the first company created to sell such tools. 1954–1974 The Optacon, the first portable OCR device, is developed.
1755: Immanuel Kant: Gaseous Hypothesis in Universal Natural History and Theory of Heaven. 1761: Mikhail Lomonosov: discovery of the atmosphere of Venus. 1763: Thomas Bayes: publishes the first version of Bayes' theorem, paving the way for Bayesian probability.
A skeptic of the Vulcan hypothesis, Peters dismissed all the observations as mistaking known stars as planets. [ 25 ] : 215–217 Astronomers continued searching for Vulcan during total solar eclipses in 1883, 1887, 1889, 1900, 1901, 1905, and 1908.
This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics. Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process.
The Lower Paleolithic period lasted over 3 million years, during which there many human-like species evolved including toward the end of this period, Homo sapiens.The original divergence between humans and chimpanzees occurred 13 (), however interbreeding continued until as recently as 4 Ma, with the first species clearly belonging to the human (and not chimpanzee) lineage being ...