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Spandex, Lycra, or elastane is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity. It is a polyether - polyurea copolymer that was invented in 1958 by chemist Joseph Shivers at DuPont . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Polyvinyl chloride is formed in flat sheets in a variety of thicknesses and colors. As flat sheets, PVC is often expanded to create voids in the interior of the material, providing additional thickness without additional weight and minimal extra cost (see closed-cell PVC foamboard). Sheets are cut using saws and rotary cutting equipment.
Industrial Insulation. Rigid polyurethane foam is used in various industries to provide thermal insulation to installations and pipes. In particular, the piping for district heating systems in Europe is primarily insulated using a pre-insulated pipes sandwich assembly composed of a steel heat service pipe, an insulating layer (polyurethane foam) and a polyethylene (PE) casing, which are bonded ...
Typically, closed-cell PVC foamboard can be cut as easily as wood, softened and shaped by immersing in boiling water or with a standard heat gun, and painted with standard automobile paints. In addition, Closed-cell PVC foamboard is made up of polarized molecules otherwise known as dipoles. It has a very low moisture absorption.
A recent advance in neoprene for wet suits is the "super-flex" variety, which uses spandex in the knit liner fabric for greater flexibility and stretch. [25] [26] A drysuit is similar to a wetsuit, but uses thicker and more durable neoprene to create an entirely waterproof suit that is suitable for wear in extremely cold water or polluted water.
Metal fiber sintered sheets are used for diesel and gasoline particulate filtration and crankcase ventilation filters. Heat-resistant textile materials are made from metal fibers for automotive glass bending processes. These metal fiber cloths protect the glass during the bending process with highly elevated temperatures and high pressures.
The first symptoms of kidney failure are silent. Failing kidneys can’t remove extra fluid from the body, nor can they filter molecules like urea, which can be toxic in high dosages, from the blood.
When coated with a 50–100 nanometer layer of aluminum oxide, the material was able to withstand loads of as much as 280 megapascals, stronger than any other known material whose density was less than 1,000 kilograms per cubic metre (1,700 lb/cu yd), that of water. [1] [2]