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The scales on butterfly wings are pigmented with melanins that can produce the colours black and brown. The white colour in the butterfly family Pieridae is a derivative of uric acid, an excretory product. [13] [40]: 84 Bright blues, greens, reds, and iridescence are usually created not by pigments but through the microstructure of the scales.
Nessaea aglaura, the common olivewing, [2] northern nessaea or Aglaura olivewing, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from Mexico to Panama, Ecuador, Venezuela and Colombia. It is found in evergreen tropical forest and in semi-deciduous tropical forest. [3]
Kallima paralekta, the Indian leafwing or Malayan leafwing, is a species of brush-footed butterfly of the genus Kallima. Despite its common names, it is not found in India or Malaysia, but is endemic to Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. Like other members of its genus, it is remarkable for its strong resemblance to a dead
Kallima inachus, the orange oakleaf, Indian oakleaf or dead leaf, is a nymphalid butterfly found in Tropical Asia from India to Japan. With wings closed, it closely resembles a dry leaf with dark veins and is a commonly cited example of camouflage .
Nessaea obrinus, the obrina olivewing, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from Colombia and the Guianas to the mouth of the Amazon and south to central Bolivia and Mato Grosso in Brazil, extending to northern Argentina. [2] Underside. The length of the wings is 25–40 mm for males and 26–41 mm for females.
Optical classification of microstructure in butterfly wing-scales. Photonics Science News, 6, 66–66. Nagypal, Tony. The World of Birdwing Butterflies Archived 2009-02-07 at the Wayback Machine. Haugum, Jan. (1981). Notes on the Aristolochia of the Papuan Region, with particular reference to the larval foodplants of the Ornithoptera. Lep.
Fore wing with from two to four, hind wing normally with seven ocelli, similar to, but more clearly defined than, the ocelli on the upperside ; on both wings the line of ocelli bordered inwardly and outwardly by sinuous purplish-white lines. On the hind wing only the three posterior ocelli in a straight line, the rest strongly curved outwards.
Anthocharis cardamines, the orange tip, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae, which contains about 1,100 species. A. cardamines is mainly found throughout Europe and temperate Asia [3] The males feature wings with a signature orange pigmentation, which is the origin of A. cardamines' common name.