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Cervical conization refers to an excision of a cone-shaped portion of tissue from the mucous membrane of the cervix. Conization is used for diagnostic purposes as part of a biopsy and for therapeutic purposes to remove pre-cancerous cells ( cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ) or early stage cervical cancer .
Endocervical curettage is a medical procedure used to extract cells of the endocervix to visualize under a microscope. Direct cervical visualization, colposcopy, and even endocervical colposcopy are not enough to fully analyze all areas of the endocervical epithelium and thus endocervical curettage is the method of choice in cases where this is necessary.
This study suggests for women with cervical insufficiency due to prior cone biopsy, cerclage is not superior to no intervention. [9] As cerclage can induce preterm contractions without preventing premature delivery, [ 10 ] makes the recommendation that it be used sparingly in women with a history of conization .
The cervical transformation zone and lesion are excised to an adequate depth, which in most cases is at least 8 mm, and extending 4 to 5 mm beyond the lesion. A second pass with a more narrow loop can also be done to obtain an endocervical specimen for further histologic evaluation.
This kills cancer cells, but can also impact normal cells leading to adverse side effects. Common chemotherapy side effects include; hair loss, mouth sores, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, premature menopause, infertility, and damage to the blood-forming cells within bone marrow. Most acute side effects are temporary ...
If no lesions are visible, an iodine solution may be applied to the cervix to help highlight areas of abnormality. [ citation needed ] After a complete examination, the colposcopist determines the areas with the highest degree of visible abnormality and may obtain biopsies from these areas using a long biopsy instrument, such as a punch forceps ...
The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), [1] cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), [2] or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and women). [3]
Sample collection for thin-prep-cytology from the cervix uteri of a 39-years-old multiparous woman. The cervical brush is visible just before entering the cervix uteri. Brush utilized in cervical screening exams to collect samples. The procedures for testing women using Pap smear, liquid-based cytology, or HPV testing are similar.