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Drastically dropping the temperature in your home between the night and day can leave your pipes more prone to freezing than they would be if you leave your heat on (anywhere over 55 degrees ...
According to The Red Cross, these pipes freeze most often at home: Pipes exposed to "severe cold" including outdoor hose bibs, swimming pool supply lines, and water sprinkler lines.
Do not try to thaw a pipe with a torch or other open flame because it could cause a fire hazard. Consider a hair dryer as a possible heat source (with caution).
The effect of expansion during freezing can be dramatic, and ice expansion is a basic cause of freeze-thaw weathering of rock in nature and damage to building foundations and roadways from frost heaving. It is also a common cause of the flooding of houses when water pipes burst due to the pressure of expanding water when it freezes. [9]
Less likely to burst from freezing. PEX, due to its flexibility, is typically understood to be more burst-resistant in freezing conditions than copper or PVC pipe. [27] One account suggested that PEX water-filled pipes, frozen over time, will swell and tear; in contrast, copper pipe "rips" and PVC "shatters". [28]
Unlike the creep of polymers and metals, it exhibits multi-months aging, caused by chemical hardening due to hydration which stiffens the microstructure, and multi-year aging, caused by long-term relaxation of self-equilibrated microstresses in the nanoporous microstructure of the C-S-H. If concrete is fully cured, creep effectively ceases.
Thermal shock resistance measures can be used for material selection in applications subject to rapid temperature changes. The maximum temperature jump, , sustainable by a material can be defined for strength-controlled models by: [4] [3] = where is the failure stress (which can be yield or fracture stress), is the coefficient of thermal expansion, is the Young's modulus, and is a constant ...
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